1. gdb attach [pid] -- debug a running process

2. valgrind-- a suite of tools for debugging and profiling programs

Very powerful tool to debug linux program,just for x86 platform

3. strace -trace system calls and signals

In the simplest case strace runs thespecified command until it exits.  It intercepts  and records  the system calls which are called by a process and the signalswhich are received by a process.  The name of each system call, itsarguments and its return value are printed on standard error or to the file specifiedwith the -o option.

4. pstack -print a stack trace of a running process

It's often used to check the stack of hungprocess.

5. mtrace, muntrace - malloc debugging

The  function  mtrace() installs  handlers for malloc(), realloc() and free().  The functionmuntrace() disables these handlers.

The environment variable MALLOC_TRACE defines a file where mtrace() writes itsoutput.  This  file  must be writable to the user or mtrace()will do nothing.  If the file is not empty it will be truncated.

Usage: call the two function before andafter the code you want to pay attention on.

6. dmesg -print or control the kernel ring buffer

Check the error message of all kind ofprogram, especail for third-party program.

7. binutils-- a tools set

* ld - the GNU linker.

* as - the GNU assembler.

* addr2line - Converts addresses intofilenames and line numbers.

* ar - A utility for creating, modifyingand extracting from archives.

* c+filt - Filter to demangle encoded C+symbols.

* gprof - Displays profiling information.

* nlmconv - Converts object code into anNLM.

* nm - Lists symbols from object files.

* objcopy - Copys and translates objectfiles.

* objdump - Displays information fromobject files.

* ranlib - Generates an index to thecontents of an archive.

* readelf - Displays information from anyELF format object file.

* size - Lists the section sizes of anobject or archive file.

* strings - Lists printable strings fromfiles.

* strip - Discards symbols.

* windres - A compiler for Windows resourcefiles.

8. ldd -print shared library dependencies

9. ld.so, ld-linux.so* - dynamic linker/loader

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10.lsof -list open files

Very useful to check if fd leak.

11. netstat  -  Print network connections, routing tables, interfacestatistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships

12. iostat  -  Report  Central  Processing Unit (CPU) statisticsand input/output statistics for devices and partitions.

13. vmstat -Report virtual memory statistics

14. time - time a simple command or give resource usage. System time depend on system status, User time is the real time of your program used.

 

注：因经验有限，大体就知道这些。欢迎各位补充。